Racism in Strange Love :: Racism Media Television TV

Racism in Strange Love Do you like having racist jokes made ab start you full in front of you face and have no idea what the person is saying? In an episode of the Strange Love this situation is demonstrated. Racism is great spread through out the world and an issue that is brought to our eyes in the show. The issue of interracial dating is also a main topic in the show. Strange Love is a show that most people would watch to get a laugh out of a crazy relationship that came out of another show, but when watching the show I see another part of it and that is racism. The show also to tries to get the thought of interracial relationships more capacious spread. -Strange Love was created by the same group of people that had made the show Surreal Life, during the first season a strange relationship came active amidst Flavor Flav and Brigitte Nielsen. One of the first episodes is showing Flavor Flav leaving the United States and goes to visit Brigitte in I taly and go to a very high class dinner party and Flavor does not get the introduction that Brigitte is hoping for him to receive, most of the people are appalled to see the two in a relationship. The episode following that has Brigitte coming with Flavor Flav back to the United States and she accompanies Flavor on stage with Public Enemy. Flavor comments before they go on that his band has no idea that she ordain be on stage, and she will be the first white woman to ever be on stage with the band. After the band has finished at that place performance they are private and make comments to Flavor about bringing a white woman onstage with him, this leads to Flavor becoming outraged and destroying the backstage area for the band. The episode doesnt necessarily comment on the topic of racism but just the reaction or the crown and the comments that they make about Flavor are very racist and suggest that they dont approve of and interracial relationship. Much of the crowd did not even give the couple up the time of day and eluded the couple if they were approached.

Stock Market :: essays research papers

1929 stock(a) Market CrashOn October 3, 1929 The Dow Jones started to drop from a recent spirited of 381. The average of the Dow Jones then kept dropping throughout the week of October 14. The night of Monday October 21,1929, security deposit calls were heavy, and numerous Dutch and German sell calls came in overnight for the Tuesday daybreak opening. On Tuesday morning, out-of-town banks and corporations called in $150 million of call loans, and Wall Street was in a panic before the New York Stock transposition opened. On October 24, 1929, people began selling their stocks as fast as they could. Sell orders flooded market exchanges. On a recipe day, only 750-800 members of the New York Stock Exchange started the Exchange. However, there were 1100 members on the floor for the morning opening. The Exchange then directed all employees to be on the floor since there were numerous margin calls and sell orders placed overnight and extra telephone staff was arranged at the members b oxes around the floor. The Dow Jones Industrial Index closed at 299 that day. October 29 was the scratch of the Crash. Within the first few hours the stock market was open, prices fell so far as to wipe out all the gains that had been made in the foregoing year. The Dow Jones Industrial Index closed at 230. Since the stock market was viewed as the chief indicator of the American economy, public confidence was shattered. Between October 29 and November 13 over $30 billion disappeared from the American economy. It took nearly twenty-five years for many stocks to recover. The causes of the stock market crash were overpriced stocks, margin buying, federal take hold policy, and public officials repeated statements. Many people believe the stock shares were priced too high and the crash brought it down back to a normal level. The new President of the Federal Reserve Board Adolph Miller tightened the monetary policy and set out to lower the stock prices since he perceived that guesswor k led stocks to be overpriced, causing damage to the economy. Also, starting from the beginning of 1929, the interest rate charged on broker loans rose tremendously. This policy reduced the tally of broker loans that originated from banks and lowered the liquidity of non-financial and other corporation that financed brokers and dealers. Also Herbert Hoover publicly stated that stocks were overvalued and that speculation hurt the economy.

Joseph :: essays research papers

Joseph     Joseph was born in the royal line of King David, but in his date the descendents ofDavid no longer held power or wealth. He left his ancestral home of Bethlehem in Judeato become a builder and carpenter in the town of Nazareth in Galilee. There he met Maryand became engaged to her. When she became pregnant before their marriage, he wasuncertain as to what he should do. He finally decided to match off the engagement inaccordance to the Law but do to so quietly, so that she would not be subjected to chargesof adultery and quite possibly a death sentence. However, an angel appeared to him in adream and explained to him that perfection Himself was the father of Marys child, and thatJoseph should not be afraid to marry her. Joseph accepted the angels message and the willof God and married Mary. After Marys son was born, Joseph named him Jesus, as he andMary had been told by the angel. He raised Jesus as his own son, and likely trained him incarpentry. T he Gospels make no mention of Joseph during Jesus adulthood, and so it islikely that he died before Jesus ministry began.     By marrying Mary, disrespect her pregnancy, and by accepting and naming Jesus,Joseph became Jesus father in the eyes of the Law and by raising Jesus and caring forHim, he became his father in all ways but one. Therefore, while God is sincerely yours the Father ofJesus, Joseph can also be called His father. The Gospels call Joseph a "just" and"righteous" man, and his righteousness can be shown in his acceptance of Gods will,despite inconvenience and public scandal the care he showed to his wife and Son and his

To Kill A Mocking Bird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

Proposals To examine the character of genus Atticus Finch as a hero in harper Lees To pop a Mockingbird.To kill a Mockingbird, an acclaimed novel, by Harper Lee is recognised throughout the world. Having read her novel, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1960 soon later on its publication, I was compelled to consider the novel in greater depth but was particularly intrigued to examine the character of Atticus Finch as a hero.Maycomb, a fictional town in the Southern States of America plays host to the novel during the period of 1933-1935.To Kill a Mockingbird follows a lawyer and his family prior to and during a intelligent case to defend a black male, Tom Robinson, charged of raping a white female, Mayella Ewell. This occurs in a very white orientated town.Atticus Finch, lawyer and father of two children only plays a brief part in the opening chapter but as this epic novel progresses so does his importance. It becomes apparent that Atticus Finch, arguably the novels main character , is extremely well respected in Maycomb by the majority of its residents. If someone expresses a dislike towards him he will still try to do his best to love everybody. Atticus is a man of extreme integrity and some say that it is through his mouth that Harper Lee expresses her own morality, an opinion that I share. He represents a true gentleman his conduct is always courteous despite any provocation whether in camera or publicly. This is enhanced by the very carefully selected word choice. Atticus is fit to use language stylishly when appropriate but he open fire also communicate very simplistically such as when in a moment of crisis he can talk straightforwardly, for example to Jem and Scout, to enhance understanding. Atticus is a devoted family man he manages to care for his children without the help of their mother, who died. Harper Lee gives Atticus a very modern style regarding parenting (in comparison to other families in the 1930s i.e. principally he was a single parent ). This could perhaps be a reflection on Atticuss opinion that everyone has the right to be an individual and because of this we should not be judged. He is one person in a select few who feel that coloured people should be able to have the same standard of living as their white counterparts. Atticus is open to all opinions and will accept each individual for their own beliefs disregardless of whether or not these differ from his own.

Old Man And The Sea Summary Essay -- essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961) Type of Work Symbolic drama SettingNorth swoop of Cuba early twentieth century Principal Characterscapital of Chile, an old, weathered fisherman Manolin , a son, Santiagos unsalted fishing companion The Marlin, a gigantic fish Story Overveiw cardinal old age had passed since Santiago, the old fisherman, had caught a fish, and he was forced to suffer not only the ridicule of younger fishermen, butnear-starvation as well. Moreover, Santiago had lost his young companion, aboy named Manolin, whose father had ordered him to leave Santiago in order towork with more successful seamen. But the devoted child inactive love Santiago,and each day brought food and bait to his shack, where they indulged in theirfavorite pastime talking ab forbidden the American baseball leagues. The old manshero was the untested York Yankees Joe DiMaggio. Santiago identified with theballplayers skill and discipline, and declared he would like to take t he not bad(p)DiMaggio fishing some time. After visiting one particular afternoon, the boy left Santiago, who fell asleep.Lions immediately filled his dreams. As a boy he had sailed to Africa and hadseen lions on the beaches. Now, as an old man, he constantly dreamed of thegreat and noble beasts. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of Great occurrences, norof great fish, nor fights nor contests of strength, nor of his wife. He onlydreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach ... He loved them as heloved the boy. Before dawn of the next day, the fisherman, as usual, hauled his salt-encrustedskiff onto the beach and set out by himself. But today, in hopes of breaking his unfortunate streak, he was determined to sail into deep waters, out much fartherthan the other anglers would go. He followed the sea birds and flying fish theywould tell him b y their movements where the fish congregated. He watched the turtles swimming near his boat. He loved the turtles, "wi th theirelegance and speed... " Most people are Heartless about turtles because a turtles heart pull up stakes beat forhours after he has been cut tip and butchered. The old man thought, I havesuch a heart too ... Early on, Santiago managed to land a tenpound tuna. Thinking this a goodomen, he used the fresh meat to bait one of his lines. By n... ...ng manly courage, endurance, and noble suffering. In fact, the novel would be little more than an adventure story were it not forSantiagos dialogues with himself - his repetitive and symbolic musings,daydreams and plottings. Unlike other fishermen, who see the ocean merely in terms of economic gain,Santiago looks on the sea and its inhabitants with love and respect. Notably, heprefers to call the sea "la mar," its feminine form, rather than the harsher,masculine "el mar." several(prenominal) readers may see Christian symbolism in the story Santiago means St.James in Spanish the battle with the fish lasts three days Santiago, arriving atthe shore, carries his mast, like a cross, on his shoulders, and, like the biblicalChrist, stumbles under its load. Later, the fisherman lies down exhausted on thefloor of his hut with his arms stretched out stiffly and the palms of his hands up. But the giant fish - representing the hopes and dreams of mankind - and the oldmans relationship with it, is what creates the extraordinary pathos of the novel.And, in the end, even Santiagos (humankinds) modest expectations aresnatched from his grasp.

Old Man And The Sea Summary Essay -- essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961) Type of Work Symbolic drama Setting magnetic north Coast of Cuba early twentieth century Principal CharactersSantiago, an old, weathered fisherman Manolin , a boy, Santiagos young fishing companion The Marlin, a gigantic fish stratum OverveiwEighty-four days had passed since Santiago, the old fisherman, had caught a fish, and he was forced to suffer not only the ridicule of younger fishermen, butnear-starvation as well. Moreover, Santiago had baffled his young companion, aboy named Manolin, whose father had ordered him to leave Santiago in order towork with more successful seamen. But the devoted child still loved Santiago,and each day brought food and bait to his shack, where they indulged in theirfavorite pastime talking about the American baseball leagues. The old mans title-holder was the New York Yankees Joe DiMaggio. Santiago identified with theballplayers skill and discipline, and decl ard he would like to take the greatDiMaggio fishing some time. After visiting one bad-tempered afternoon, the boy left Santiago, who fell asleep.Lions immediately filled his dreams. As a boy he had sailed to Africa and hadseen lions on the beaches. Now, as an old man, he constantly woolgather of thegreat and stately beasts. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of Great occurrences, norof great fish, nor fights nor contests of strength, nor of his wife. He onlydreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach ... He loved them as heloved the boy. Before dawn of the next day, the fisherman, as usual, hauled his salt-encrustedskiff onto the beach and set out by himself. But today, in hopes of breach hisunlucky streak, he was determined to sail into deep waters, out much fartherthan the other anglers would go. He followed the sea birds and flying fish theywould tell him b y their movements where the fish congregated. He watched the turtles swimming near his boat. He loved the turtles, "with th eirelegance and speed... " Most people are Heartless about turtles because a turtles nubble will beat forhours after he has been cut tip and butchered. The old man thought, I havesuch a heart too ... primeval on, Santiago managed to land a tenpound tuna. Thinking this a goodomen, he used the fresh meat to bait one of his lines. By n... ...ng manly courage, endurance, and noble suffering. In fact, the novel would be little more than an adventure story were it not forSantiagos dialogues with himself - his repetitive and symbolic musings,daydreams and plottings. Unlike other fishermen, who see the ocean alone in terms of economic gain,Santiago looks on the sea and its inhabitants with love and respect. Notably, heprefers to call the sea "la mar," its feminine form, rather than the harsher,masculine "el mar." Some readers may see Christian symbolism in the story Santiago means St.James in Spanish the battle with the fish lasts trio days Santiago, arriving atthe shore, carries his mast, like a cross, on his shoulders, and, like the biblicalChrist, stumbles under its load. Later, the fisherman lies down exhausted on thefloor of his hut with his weapons system stretched out stiffly and the palms of his hands up. But the giant fish - representing the hopes and dreams of mankind - and the oldmans relationship with it, is what creates the extraordinary pathos of the novel.And, in the end, even Santiagos (humankinds) modest expectations aresnatched from his grasp.

Is Gaming Harmful?

Is Gaming Harmful? Video and computer enliveneds, like many popular, entertaining and addicting kid activities, ar looked round off on by many parents as time wasters, but why? , is it because they are harmful? , or is it just because they are spending too a good deal time on them instead of studying. Both have many good arguments, but I am dismissal to write ab reveal the one in which I feel are most valid. One of the many good points against gaming is that children, teenagers and adults alike are losing ease over video games because they are staying up all night and letting their addiction take over.The definition of addiction is The condition of being habitually or compulsively occupied with or involved in something. And anyone who likes and plays videogames has experienced this at some point. Its not only kids that think about going home from aim to play video games, many adults think about at lick too, the average game player is 30 and has been gaming for about 12 year s. This nub that many peck, no matter of their age or sex, are putting video games before their school or work by missing out on important sleep and not putting their full concentration into their work.On the other hand, Gaming has been proven to increase social skills in young people as most games include a multiplayer feature that encourages people to play the game with others, whether it be online with friends or sitting together which is important for young kids suppuration up as it helps them make friends and sustain relationships. It also helps them realize how important it is to be sociable when they are starting school or a overbold job.Although some could argue that video games basis do children social harm as many children play there selves for many hours each day and rarely interact with their family or friends. They could also argue that video games can cause great physical harm. The physical harm can occur when the child spends hanker hours of concentration on fa st movement or because of the screen flicker. Also when children play video games they sit in for long hours that in the long protract will stunt their natural growth and damage their backbone.Video games are more commonly known as a hobby you do sitting down somewhere comfortable and relaxing but what most people fail to realize is that there are a new type of video game emerging that get you on your toes and exercising. These include such consoles as PlayStation Move, Xbox Kinect , Wii, etc. These devices are designed to keep you active while you game and can piddle you a good physical work out instead of playing seated, these kind of games also can give you a good mental work out as most games for these console require lots of problem solving and also help improve your hand eye co-ordination skills.However, there are some that would say playing videogames can cause mental and psychological harm. Their reasons for this are they believe that when playing video games, children do not apply much mental effort and believe that video games are not creative enough. This could lead to the child developing lazy mental habits and also being animated as real life is not as fast as their game might be. There are also some that believe that children can become violent because they become habituated to the violence that occurs in some games they might play.

Freedom VS Security Essay

Many theories and assumptions have been fabricated upon the basis of opuss desires and beliefs. H. L. Mencken wrote, The average military man does not want to be free, only to be safe. However, this observation does not correlate with what has been witnessed over the course of contemporary society. Since the 18th century, man has sacrificed safety for a reward that is much more paramount, freedom. Patrick Henry, an orator for freedom in the middle to late 1700s, knew that liberty was a vital necessity in every mans life, and that ane must do whatever it takes, including sacrificing their security, in order to achieve it.In his speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses, he is approximately memorably quoted for his concluding antithesis, Give me liberty, or give me death Henry conveyed to his audience, as well as the entire nation, that freedom is a virtue worth(predicate) expiry for. Menckens allegation fails to attribute this instance, even though Patrick Henry was able to co nvince a whole nation that their liberty was worth dying for. In the past we have had many examples of security vs. freedom. During the civil war we had soldiers and people fighting to be free.They risked their own life everyday stepping verboten on the battle field just so they could have their own rights. This also happens in the American Revolution people fight and risk their lives for freedom. Many events in history show how much people truly care about their freedom. Our Founding Fathers created this nation so we wouldnt have to be living in a society full of regulation. Freedom vs. Security is a non-stop debate in our country. However, freedom is unalienable. Freedom is what keeps the common man happy. Freedom allows us to sell every day as a new day, knowing that we can do and accomplish anything because we are free.On the other hand, while safety is what keeps man calm and secure, it is not what our nation thrives off of. Security is a blanket, while freedom is a threshold . Therefore it is desired, while security is expected. No man cries out for safety, but the same cannot be said about freedom. Freedom gives us hope and excitement, while security gives assurance. Both are essential, yet only one is craved. Menckens presumption of what man wants, and what man deserves are in disarray. Freedom is everything, and not even safety can over shadow it.

Net Neutrality Essay

Over the last decade or so, the top neutrality postulate has got all the more intense, particularly with numerous countries contemplating the idea of introducing a legislation ab come forth the same. With certain regulations prohibiting practices like child pornography or gambling in place, people argon pressing for even more atrocious regulations which would in all ban the unethical practices involved in cyberspace access and transmission of data on the Internet. The whole world has been divided into two groups oer this issue one which defend s the concept of net neutrality and another which opposes it. Before we go to net neutrality pros and cons and join the ongoing debate on Internet regulation, lets try to understand what the concept of net neutrality actually means.What is Net Neutrality?Net neutrality, also referred to as Internet neutrality, is a regulatory concept which eradicate s any type of discrimination in transmission and access of content on the Internet. It is some(a)what comparable to the concept of network neutrality, which regulates conglomerate telecommunication networks, including television and telephone. According to the main principle of net neutrality, the websites which provide content and the users who search for it are equal, and therefore nobody should be given preferential treatment at the cost of others. The concept prohibits Internet service providers from blocking or deregulating websites be to their competitors. Simply put, the concept of net neutrality ensures that the Internet service providers, search engines and other online service providers do not restrict or filter the trading to competitor websites.Net Neutrality Pros and ConsAs we mentioned earlier, the entire world is divided into two groups on the lines of Internet regulation pros and cons. With no concrete legislation in place, net neutrality is nothing more than a set of professional ethics with no compulsion of implementation. Given below are the detai ls of various pros and cons of net neutrality, which are to be taken into consideration before trying to constitute any rules based on this concept.Pros of Net NeutralityThe foremost vantage of net neutrality is that it is helpful in adding competitiveness to the market, as the users are given more options to rent from. The competition between service providers will pass each of them come up with their best, and this will directly benefit the end user as he wont just get options to choose from but also get quality service. Those in support of net neutrality are of the opinion that government hold of the Internet would eliminate monopoly, therefore ensuring that the big websites do not dominate the market. It will also help in curbing the numerous illegal activities and frauds which can be attributed to the web. Interestingly, most of the websites out there are in support of the concept of net neutrality.Cons on Net NeutralityThose who oppose net neutrality argue that it is a com pletely pointless exercise as none of the service providers would go about sabotaging their rivals by blocking their content or degrading network performance. They also put forward the example of other networks which are functioning properly even with the major contributors being in charge of them. As far as government control of the Internet is concerned, these people argue that it would result in increased Internet censorship and invasion of privacy, both of which wouldnt go down well with the users.Those were some of the most prominent net neutrality pros and cons which have to be taken into consideration before passing any legislation about it. As the realms of Internet continue to develop, Internet safety has become one of the main concern for the users. That being said, the administration has to step in and implement measures such as net neutrality in order to address this concern. It is only possible to implement such regulatory measures after all the pros and cons of Intern et regulation are evaluated. succession the United States is yet to come up with any such legislation, countries like Japan already have laws pertaining to Internet access in place. If stalwarts of the field are to be believed, the issue of net neutrality is going to take the whole world by storm in the next few years to come.

The Rise of Social Media

Man is a social animal, goes the popular adage. Interaction with fellow beings is a vital part of being human. Community makes us feel complete through exchange of ideas and knowledge. It is therefore not surprising that we constantly try to find better and faster means of communication and nurture share-out. Our relentless efforts in these areas go for led to a phenomenon whose far cut intoing concerns make it nothing short of a global revolution. That phenomenon is the rise of Social Media.If the net income gave birth to a revolution in the way we stored and sought information, then social media has brought about a revolution in the way we exchange and expend information. Social Media is a term that is relatively young of age. Its definition on Wikipedia, which ironically is in any case one of its nigh glorious examples, reads media designed to be disseminated through social interaction, created using upliftedly accessible and scalable publishing techniques.Examples of so cial media include clearlogs, social networking sites such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Facebook and My Space, information sharing platforms such as Wikipedia or Twitter, and media sharing platforms such as YouTube. Before the explosion of social media, dissemination of information on a large scale was majorly curb to mass media such as internet websites, newspapers, television and radio. Broadcasting information using these channels required at least some level of skillful or professional expertise.Over the past few years however, development of web technologies that simplify mass collaboration has revolutionised the way content is produced and allotd. Now allone with a calculator (or a mobile phone) and internet access has the ability to almost effortlessly share information across the globe and make their views heard, right from their homes, without the sine qua non to score signifi nookyt resources or technical skills at their disposal. The rise of social media has had a tremendous influence on the way I and billions around the world think, communicate, view and be defy as we take on different roles during a traffic pattern day.Some of those roles being the social animal , the global citizen, the consumer, the student, the activist, the professional and the customary man. Me the social animal Looking back though, a lot of the social media platforms didnt exactly start off doing what they do today. Sites such as Facebook or MySpace started off with a simple target area of allowing people to keep in touch with near and dear ones. My first experience with such a medium was through a networking site called Hi5, as a means to keep in touch with friends.Twitter started off as a simple web equivalent of text messaging. In those nascent stages these platforms allowed people to socialise and to be entertained, hence serving the social animal in all of us. However, radical changes in these mediums over the last few years have forever changed my knowledge of their usage and potential. Me, the global citizen Perhaps the most significant change these platforms have enabled is to level the commanding field. No longer do I need to be a media celebrity or a seasoned journalist to make my views heard.Mediums such as blogs and twitter give everyone a determine to stand up and be counted. What this has done is to make the world of information sharing truly democratic. The impact of this development has made those in high up places acknowledge the power these mediums hold. When US president Barack Obama was inaugurated into presidency in January 2009, CNN and the Whiteho handling collaborated on Facebook to stream the broadcast to a worldwide audience. I remember getting the Goosebumps while watching the stream that generated 600,000 messages.All those messages flashing endlessly on my screen brought about the feeling that I was a part of a global debate. The Obama administration extensively used twitter to reach out to people all around t he world. What this has done is to change my perception of how election campaigns or political debates can be carried out. Over time I feel to a greater extent and more leaders worldwide depart need to embrace such mediums if they really wish to have a global outreach. Me the activist Social media has also changed the way we can promote social causes.A abundant example of this is of Eart instant. org in 2009, when Facebook and YouTube were extensively used to co-ordinate a worldwide movement that encouraged people to turn off their electrical appliances for one hour to promote awareness about climate change. This remarkable concept managed to mobilize people from more than 4000 cities all around the world. The event which enabled people in any part of the world to come together and be a part of a global cause has radically changed my view of how global movements can be initiated.All one has to do is to choose a cause and they will have multiple mediums at their disposal to spread the message. Me the consumer In the commercial space, Social media marketing has grown leaps and bounds. Dell attributed $6. 5 million worth of sales to twitter in 2009. What has made corporations adopt such mediums so readily is the opportunity to reach directly to me, their consumer. Whats significant is that now instead of being a spectator I can also turn in my feedback, suggestions or grievances about a product directly to the people that make it, instantly.Not only does this empower me as a consumer, it also provides corporations a very effective medium of targeting the right demographic and audience, optimising their production and efficiency in the process. Me the student Since its very inception, Social Media has held tremendous potential in knowledge sharing. As the world gets smaller and smaller, more and more students look to study in universities across the globe. This makes it critical that the institution reaches out to me, the student to provide the right informat ion at the right time.Going beyond the normal website, phone and email, more and more institutions are establishing an online presence on sites such as Facebook that allow them to reach out to a highly active and drive audience. Taking Oxford itself as an example, Said Business Schools Facebook page allows potential students to directly interact with representatives from the institution and also see what other students have already discussed. Not only does this simplify communication, it also reduces overheads of redundant emails or phone calls. Social media also provides a global platform for talented individuals to share their skills and knowledge.A great example of this is YouTube. I had always had a keen interest in learning to play the guitar. However, a hectic work schedule and high costs of a private teacher meant that private schedule bound lessons were not a viable option. Instead, I started using the numerous video lessons in stock(predicate) on YouTube put up by talente d musicians with a view to sharing passions. This is nothing short of a learning revolution as it gives anyone the chance to take lessons on anything from cooking to advanced maths free of cost, at a time and place that suits them the best, with option to play and pause as more as they like.Me the Professional Professionally, social media has had a tremendous impact on the way I work. A few years back when Wikipedia came up, I and a few colleagues were hugely impressed with how it took collaboration to a whole new level. Inspired by the concept, we started experimenting with our own internal Wiki-based organisation wide information sharing platform that would promote collaboration between employees across different teams.Upon its completion, it provided an easy to use medium for our associates to share, discuss and collaborate on topics ranging from technical concepts to HR processes to ideas for the following(a) cultural event. Social media avenues such as blogs are also changing the way that managements communicate with their employees. In a lot of organisations including mine, more and more managers have started maintaining blogs where they share their views on a variety of professional and non-professional topics. I feel its a fantastic way of really reaching out to your employees.It is more effective and personal than the general CEOs message emails that otherwise get churned out. By getting instant feedback on their blogs from enthusiastic employees, leaders can quickly feel the pulse of the organisation and use that knowledge to make better decisions. Me the common man If there is one aspect of social media that has influenced me the most in recent times, then it has to be its effectiveness in ensuring a lightning fast flow of information in times of national calamities, too bad incidents such as terror attacks or political unrest.Recently, platforms such as twitter have been critical in ensuring an immediate spread of information across the globe. W hen the unfortunate terror attacks took place in Mumbai in November 2008, frantic phone calls from anxious friends and family members to the city from had started saturating the cell phone networks, unable to reach my friends, I was reassured of their golosh through their twitter updates. At the time, even news agencies were following twitter updates from citizens to get a view of the ground level reality.Over time, we have seen such micro-blogging mediums play an ever increasing role as reliable mediums of breaking news. This development has revolutionised my perception of journalism. In essence, it allows the common man to become a reporter and provide his own perception of the latest breaking news to entire world. Two sides to a coin My Strong beliefs on the significance of social media however do not imply that I do not acknowledge the shortcomings of the social media revolution. There are two sides to a coin.Some of the factors that make social media great also lead to some of its shortcomings. The widespread and free availability of social media often lead to an overload of content. Such high volumes mean that finding relevant and reusable content often becomes a challenge. I believe that there need to be more efficient filtering mechanisms developed to enable faster sourcing of content thats relevant. The anonymity that the internet provides to everyone makes social media platforms vulnerable to misuse. Examples of dubious elements harming naive web users are widespread.There is a need to promote a more educated use of such mediums and to establish more stringent controls to help counter such misdoings. Social media has often also been criticised for the work/life balance that it tends to disrupt or the productivity concerns it raises when people use social networking sites at work. Spending too much time online cuts one off from real life and defeats the very objective of collaboration. I feel this is more down to the individual, and as is true of ev erything in life, a balance needs to be maintained. Tip of the IcebergTo conclude, I feel what Ive seen so far is only beginning and social media is only going to keep bringing about radical changes to what I perceive to be the authorized ways of information sharing and communication. Social media has proven itself to be a very powerful tool of empowering the individual to become a part of a global community. My beliefs in the potential of social media have only strengthened over time and I feel that the constant developments in this field will ensure that the way we communicate, educate, collaborate and trade will never be the same again.

Catholic Church from Apostolic times until the present Essay

The development of non-Christian priesthood within the Catholic church service from Apostolic fourth dimensions until the present has resulted in various improvements and changes in the sacrament of holy collections. This paper traces the grow of priesthood, the duties and responsibilities of the ordained priest, and his forms and functions in the Catholic Church. One good excerpt is the asseverateing from Spider bit With great power comes great responsibility. We can replace the prime(prenominal) word in the profession of priesthood and say With great faith comes great responsibility. What is the Catholic Priesthood? It is a divinely instituted sacrament that Christ Himself instituted as how the same Council of Trent explains in relation to the events of the detain Supper. The Catholic priesthood is a state of aliveness. It follows logic everyy on what the Church teachesthat the priesthood is a sacrament that imprints an indelible character. Given that fact it must also be t o say the least a per whileent state of life. That requires a particular(a) divine vocation. (Hardon, 1998) Priesthoods origin is from deliveryman Christ, the great High Priest, who, according to the Hebrew Chapter of the book of account 726 and 82, was holy, blameless, unstained, separated from sinners of the world, exalted above heavensa minister in the sanctuary which is set up non and by man but by the Lord. Being the heavenly and high priest above all men, he crack cocaineed himself as a sacrifice by being crucified on the cross and conferred his priesthood to his apostles (John 2021-23 Matthew 2819-20 Mark 1615-18 and Acts 233, King James Version). The unbroken chain of priesthood was passed on from the apostles of Christ to the first first ordained clergymen and through their successors. It was called an Apostolic successiveness and was considered as a fundamental teaching on the Orthodox Church. Only through the Apostolic Succession can the clergymen receive the auth ority to become real representatives of Christ and the Apostles of the Church. (Orfanakos, 2008). As successors of the Apostles and representatives of Christ in His Church, clergymen continue the work of Jesus. They teach the word of perfection offer the Holy Eucharist and administer the other sacraments they govern the Church and take c atomic number 18 of the spiritual needs of the members of their congregations. (Orfanakos, 2008). Being a priest is never easy. It requires time and devotion, especially great spirituality. A man who is weak from temptation in doing earthly things and desires more cannot enter this vocation of lifetime devotion to faith. Priesthood falls at a lower place the sacrament of Holy Orders wherein a man goes through ordination and decides to do their part in serving the Church and its people. It is a ministry of meditation between man and God above as he performs the following functions forgiveness of sins, blessings and casting away evil spirits. Priest hoods foundation began on the declaration of God slightly priesthood to St. Peter in the region of Caesarea Philippi To thee I shall give the keys of the kingdom of heaven whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound(p) in heavenAnd whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth, shall be loosed in heaven (Sacraments, 2008). This event also led to the formation of the priests responsibility Feed My lambs. Feed My sheep. Feed My ewes (Sacraments, 2008). Its completion and perfection from that He breathed on them saying Receive ye the Holy Spirit if ye forgive a man his sins, they are forgiven to him and you withhold forgiveness of a mans sins, they shall be held. (Sacraments, 2008) In the old times, priesthood was considered as one of generations and mans admit choice to go in such ministry wherein their way of living is not merely a basis. In contrast to the new Priesthood by Apostolic succession, Ordination involves laying of custody to those chosen people to become priest granted that a thorough examination of their past life sooner entering the congregation as well as their thoughts about God is done. Once they are found blameless, they are qualified and blessed to become priest all through their lives. Former priesthood was done by the use of Material oil but now, it is done through the spirit and laying on of hands (Sacraments, 2008). According to the Assyrian Church of the east, there are certain qualities that a man must possess before entering priesthood. First he, must be blameless. If he was ever married, he should never have committed adultery. he should also be alert mentally, modest, of good behavior, given to hospitality, apt at teaching not given to wine, not hasty to strike, but patient, not quarrelsome, not greedy of lucre (Sacraments, 2008). He should also be a great father, one who rules well his own house, having his children under submission to bring them up with all purity (Sacraments, 2008). He should also a devote Catholic since birth . Similarly, deacons should also maintain a life of purity (Sacraments,2008). A clear examination of conscience should be done by men who desire to enter this lifetime vocation. According to St. Paul, choosing priesthood is desiring to have a good work with the spirit of God (Fitzgerald, 1996). Once the decision is made, the full conviction of giving special service to the church and the people of God is anticipate from people who are ordained as priests. Based on the Apostolic Customs of the church, there are three major orders of priesthood Bishops, Priests and Deacons, each of which requires a special ordination. The Bishop is viewed as the successor of the Apostles while the Priest and the Deacon act in the fix of the Bishop. Each order is distinguished by its pastoral responsibilities. Only a Bishop may ordain. Often, other titles and offices are associated with the three orders. The Orthodox Church permits men to marry before they are ordained. Since the sixth century, Bisho ps have been chosen from the celibate clergy (Fitzgerald, 1996). Bishop is the highest order of priesthood. The name episcopos was given to the successors of the Apostles (Acts 2028 1 timothy 31-2 Titus 17, King James Version). The term episcopos means overseer and is also called as the Archpriest. This makes him the chief of the priest within a specific territory. There are many bishops worldwide and they are all equal among themselves since they own the same point of priesthood. However, they are graded in their titles which depend on their administrative power. Priest occupies the second order of the Holy Priesthood. He is in charge of the community to which he gives spiritual services and where he administers all the sacraments, except ordination. He is the main celebrant during the Eucharist and leads the whole community of God into prayer and blesses them in the name of the Lord . The third order belongs to the Deacon or diakonos which means serveant (Matthew 2026 Acts 61-7 King James Version). His main responsibility is to assist the priest during the celebration of sacraments and other church services. He often recites the litanies, gospel readings and other prayers . The Catholic priesthood is an institution necessary for Christianity. According to Fr. Hardon (1998), without priesthood, Christianity would wind up to exist. If there is no priesthood, Jesus Christ would not be present in the Eucharist. It is also the duty of priests to give penance to sinners and anoint the sick and dying in the world. They are also the ones who reveal the divine truth to the world. In a world without priesthood, Christianity would be a memory but no longer a reality. It would cease to exist on earth in this admittedly, difficult valley of tears (Hardon, 1998).Controversies in Catholic Priesthood The last part of this research discusses the office of priesthood as retrieved from the Jesus is Lord website which will give a clearer view of what the office of priesthood really is In the early 1970s, we who gloried in being priests were shocked to read the word of one of our best Roman Catholic Scripture scholars, Raymond E. Brown When we move from the Old volition to the New Testament, it is striking that while there are pagan priests and Jewish priests on the scene, no individual Christian is ever specifically identified as a priest. The Epistle to the Hebrews speaks of the high priesthood of Jesus by comparing his death and insertion into heaven with the actions of the Jewish high priest who went into the Holy of Holies in the Tabernacle once a year with a offering for himself and for the sins of his people (Hebrews 96-7). but it is noteworthy that the author of Hebrews does not associate the priesthood of Jesus with the Eucharist or the Last Supper neither does he suggest that other Christians are priests in the similitude of Jesus. In fact, the once-for-all atmosphere that surrounds the priesthood of Jesus in Hebrews 1012-14, has been offe red as an explanation of why there are no Christian priests in the New Testament period. Later in the same chapter Brown argues for a priesthood like that of the Levitical class in the Old Testament. He makes his case for the development of such a doctrine by means of tradition. Even those of us who knew very little of the Bible knew that the Pharisees counted tradition superior to the clear Word of God. Brown did more to crack the conviction that we were indeed priests than to ease our troubled minds. Now I see that what Brown stated in the section quoted is biblically and absolutely true. Other than the royal priesthood, which applies to all true believers in Christ, there is no office of priesthood in the New Testament. Rather, as Hebrews states so clearly of the Old Testament priests, And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by former of death But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them (Hebrews 723-25) Unchangeable priesthood means just that in the Hellenic aparabatos means nontransferable. The reason it cannot be transferred to men is that its essence is Christs own, ..who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens (verse 26). (Bennett, 2008) There are many claims regarding the divinity and authenticity of Priesthood and being a priest. Depending on ones religion and belief, I can say that Priesthood is one noble job that will continuously challenge every mans faith and their capacity to handle responsibility guaranteed by strong faith and conviction to God.ReferencesBennett, Richard (2008) The Priesthood. Introduction to the Priesthood by a Converted Priest retrieved January 15, 2008 from http//www.jesus-is-lord.com/priestho.htmFitzgerald, Thomas (1996). The Sacraments (Holy Orders). Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America Department of Religious Education. Retrieved, January 15, 2008 from http//www.annunciationwi.com/Main/Our_Faith_Articles/Sacraments.htmlHardon, John A. (1998) What is the Catholic Priesthood. Inter Mirifica Archives. Retrieved December 15, 2008 from http//www.therealpresence.org/archives/Priesthood/Priesthood_020.htmOrfanakos, Peter (2008). The Sacrament of the Holy Priesthood. Retrieved, January 15, 2008 from www.annunciationwi.com/Main/Our_Faith_Articles/Priesthood_Orfanakos.htmlSacraments Priesthood (2008). Assyrian Church of the East. Retrieved January 15, 2008 from http//www.assyrianchurch.com.au/priesthood.htm

Importance of Traditions in Richard Wagamese’s Keeper’n Me Essay

Any relationship goes two ways to keep our disembodied spirit in balance, and also affect our bearing whichever of family or culture. As Bernice Weissbourd says Because its not only a child is inseparable from the family in which he lives, unless that the lives of families ar determined by the community in which they live and the cultural tradition from which they come. In Keepern me, for instance, Garnet Raven who was taken away from his family to a series of white foster homes when he was three. Garnets experiences as a result of the oppressive political and social policies.Moreover, Keeper as a teller tries to pass the message of traditions and a way of aliveness story to guide Garnet, who arrived in White Dog reservation with anything but inhering, to ferret out himself. Fin anyy, Garnet dealt with fitting in the life on the reservation and acceptance of people that around him by learning the Ojibway culture that Keeper taught him. Through setting, quality development a nd symbols the author shows that there is more(prenominal) significance to our actions and emotions in finding a place to beprospicient and a balance of life. Traditions which means a custom or belief that has existed for a long time, affect a persons identity. The protagonist of story, Garnet, initially looks uneasiness and disconnected from his family and his culture.Environment changes the way that he lives by taking him away from where he was born. When he startle arrived at White Dog reservation, people laugh at him on account of dressing like a black troops I had my Afro all picked out to about three feet around my head, mirrored shades, a balloon-sleeved yellow silk shirt with the long tapered collar, lime green sloppy pants with the little cuffs and my hippest pair of platform shoes, all brown with silver spangles, and three gold chains around my neck ( Wagamese 45). Hes safe like a tourist, not knowing what to do or what to be as an outsider in his culture. The socie ty forces him to be someone else except Native. It reflects that he tries to fit into White world by being things that he is not because he was embarrassed to be Indian.This quote also foreshadows that he will find a place to travel as far as staying on the reservation to keep in touch with his family and Native culture. During a positive lesson of Native culture, he starts to fit in the society and gets acceptance of people. His mom gives him the shirt that he had on the day he arrived at reserve to move him of where he came from and how he wanted to be. Although his mom revamps the shirt that the sleeves were cut fend for regular, the long pointed collar was gone and the ribbons ran across the chest and back and down the arms (Wagamese 301). He learns the tralatitious ways of Native and makes the tie-up with people, especially his family, and now he changes the way that he used to dressing. Everyone needs family in order to find themselves, no one could be his own person wit hout knowing himself.The surroundings compel Garnet to learn Whites instead of his own culture cause he lost connection and himself. Setting is one fit of the culture that affect Garnets identity in social way. The setting of the book is very important in Garnets character development and personal growth. The relationship between Garnet and his family is detached because he was raised by foster homes instead of his family, that makes him a lot differences between him and Natives. When he returns to the reserve, he has lots of things need to learn, especially the traditional Native spiritual ways. At the beginning of the book, Garnet was trying to act others except Indian such as Hawaiian, Polynesian, Mexican or Chinese (Wagamese 19).He felt lost in White society and tries to escape reality of being an Indian in observe that he doesnt know how to be an Indian and never meet a real Indian until he back to the reservation. In this book, Keepers voice initiates the story that there is something to be learned about people, himself and his purpose. Keeper teaches Garnet the religious beliefs that helps him to find a balance in his life, and Garnet follows Keepers command to learn to become a storyteller that he will keep and teach Native traditions. Garnet follows the Teachings. The blazes made by them that went before. The signs that mark the path were all supposed to follow. The path of the heart. The path of human beings. The red road (Wagamese 305).To Garnet regard the loss of culture and the old teachings should follow it in order to be at peace with nature and people around us. It shows Garnet that his culture is decline and that he has a chance to become a keeper to teach and bring back the traditions. It also realizes the benefits of learning the way of Ojibway and being connected to his culture. The religious beliefs give Garnet a good sense of spirituality that he finds a culture to belong and knows himself about what he desires to be and how to do it. The character development is one aspect of learnings that affect Garnets identity in spiritual ways.The setting and character development that Garnet experiences in the story help reveal the powerful symbolism and themes. The drum symbolizes the connection of traditions and the traditional Native cultures theme of revere. When Garnet first time to play the drum and tries to sing songs follow the beat, The beat got all scattered and the song fell apart on its own (Wagamese 135). He tries to feel drum and sing songs as an Indian but still have more white and black inside him that affect him more than Indian. It reflect that his emotions are confused just like he starts to play the drum but when he attempts to sing songs at the same time, he lost the rhythm. He doesnt find a balance of playing drum and singing songs as well as he doesnt find a balance of his life to fit in Native culture.This quote also foreshadows that he will learn the importance of drum in Native traditional teachi ngs as a value of how it interacts with others. Drum is symbolic of how sacred and old their culture is. As Keeper said in the book, The drums the heartbeat of Mother reality (Wagamese 163). Keeper was explaining how the land is an integral part of Native identity and how he feels the heartbeat of mother earth when he plays the drum. It is a connection to traditions and culture that remind Indian of simplicity kept them alive through everything and help them live in balance with the whole world.Drum also as a representation of female womb and the beating of the drum is like the beating of mothers heart and represent the heart of the land. You treat a drum with respect as youd treat your mom with respect. The values of traditions teach Garnet that finds a balance of his life and respect others especially mother. The symbol also is one aspect of Native culture that affect Garnets identity in emotional ways. Keepern me is a view of positive way in Natives life by teaching Garnet tradi tions, traditions affect Garnets identities. White society separates Garnet from his family on the reservation causes that he lost connection and place to belong. The values of environment views deviate on Garnets social identity.Based on the setting, character development shows how Garnet felt lost and no beliefs at beginning, but during learning religious beliefs he feels connective and finds himself where he should be. The religious beliefs impact on Garnets spiritual identity. Ultimately, the symbol of drum highlights the significances of Native traditions and respect that helps Garnet finds balance of his life. The values of one interacts with others that teaches traditional ways affect Garnets emotional identity. Traditions are the most important part of our life, it shows acts, thoughts and influence of identity in our lives.

Informative Speech on Rwandan Genocide Outline

Ben Johnson Intro to Comm. 1320-04 11/8/12 Rwandan racial extermination General Purpose To Inform Specific Purpose To share with the class that the Rwandan Genocide was a evil race murder that most people k straightaway little about. Thesis The Rwandan Genocide is one of the lesser known, quickest, and most inhumane race murders this world has constantly seen, and it is even affecting the people of Rwanda till this day. Organizational Pattern local Introduction I. Attention Getter What some people do not know is that Rwanda was home to the most uncivilized genocide this world has ever seen.There is a book of testimonies where the survivors of the Rwandan genocide told their story of their struggle to survive called, excerpt Against the Odds. There was one survivor named Dephrosa, and this is a quote from her testimony. They brought us all in the sitting inhabit and started forcing us to interest our clothes kill. The housekeeper rapped me. My husband wanted to intervene but they staved him off by hit him with a masus a club with nails on his neck. He fell back in the chair. the husband was not killed responsibility away they kept him alive to watch multiple men rape his wife and daughters for several eld until they finally killed him. II. Connection I am not here to tell you my opinion about how the undo States, the Untied Nations, or the world should stomach handled this historical tragedy. I am here to share with you what had happened to three-quarters of the Tutsi campaign in Rwanda. III. Thesis Statement The Rwandan Genocide is one of the lesser known, quickest, and most inhumane genocides this world has ever seen and it is still affecting the people of Rwanda till this day.Related reading Informative Speech About AfricaIV. spiritual rebirth When most people think about genocide the first thing that comes to their mind is the Holocaust, but what a lot of people dont know is that the Holocaust wasnt the worst mass murder our Earth has see n. Body I. The Rwandan genocide is one of the fastest but less known genocides we have on record. A. The genocide lasted alone coulomb days from April 6, 1994 through July 16, 1994 which makes it one of the shortest genocides in history. 1. President Hayarimana was assassinated in the beginning of April 1994 and that was the start of the genocide. . It is believed by many, that Hutu rebels shot down the presidents plane for a reason to start the mass murders, but has never been proven. 2. just minute of arcs after the assassination, the killings began. a. A quote from an article called100 Days Of Slaughter published by PBS says, The multinational Red Cross estimates that tens, perhaps hundreds of thousands of Rwandans are now dead by April 21, 1994. B. An estimated 800,00 to 1,000,000 Tutsis and some moderate Hutus were slaughtered during the genocide. 1.Kathy Robinson a Holocaust and Genocide Professor stated that, 6 men, women, and children were murdered every minute of ev ery hour of everyday for 3 months. 2. Three-quarters of all Tutsis in Rwanda were murdered during the genocide. II. The Hutus didnt just kill the Tutsis, they dehumanized and murdered them in the most inhumane ways imaginable. A. The propaganda that the Hutus employ to influence people into believing that the Tutsis were worthless and were better off dead. B. The weapons the hutus used to murder hundreds of thousands of Tutsis. C. The Hutus used rape to torture, humiliate, and infect the Tutsis with HIV. . Rape wasnt just a weapon used to infect the women with HIV the husbands were forced to watch their wives and daughters get rapped by several Hutu men. a. A quote by a Rwandan survivor named Aline, My father had to watch us being raped and abused. My mother was raped, then my sis and then me. My father was forced to watch. He couldnt move, not even look away. 2. The interahamwe (a militia group come apart of the genocide) paid HIV positive men to rape Tutsi women, so the women that werent killed by a masus or other weapon would die from disease. 3. Up to 20,000 children were born due to the rapes that occurred in Rwanda.D. Many of the Tutsis neighbors and city officials were Hutus, so they had no one to turn to but their fellow Tutsis who were just as frightened as everyone else. 1. In a book called, Survival Against the Odds, where 11 year old Valentina tells her story and there was a quote from Sylvestre Gacumbitsi (the mayor of her city), He shouted We are the interahamwe. We are about to eliminate every Tutsi so that in the future tense no-one will even know what a Tutsi looked like. If anyone is hiding in this church by mistake, because really he or she is a Hutu, they should tell me now. E.I have told you about the Rwandan genocide and how the Tutsi people suffered during the genocide. I will now share with you their struggles they continue to go through years after the genocide ended. III. How even though the genocide has been over for about e ighteen years it is still hurting people today? A. The Rwandan women are veneer many problems still to this day. 1. 60,000 Rwandan women are now widows. 2. 7 in 10 survivors make less than 5000 Rwandan Francs ( only 8 American dollars) a month. 3. Many women are unable to live in the city or villages they grew up because of the humiliation of being publicly raped. . The Rwandan women are also faced to look after orphan children when they are hardly able to support themselves. a. Many of the children the women will take care of will be orphaned a second time due to HIV and AIDs. B. There are now 200,000 orphans in Rwanda due to the genocide. 1. Most of the children do not have homes. 2. Over half of the children have stopped passage to school because of poverty. 3. Many of the children that are orphaned have brothers and sisters that are younger and are forced to take over the responsibility of their parents. C. HIV and AIDs are plaguing many of the people in Rwanda today. 1. 7% of women were septic with HIV and AIDs during the genocide. 2. There are currently 250,000 children in Rwanda who have been orphaned as a result of HIV/AIDs. a. Thats 2. 5% of the total population of Rwanda whos parents died from AIDs. 3. 27,000 children under the age of 15 are life sentence with HIV/AIDs. D. Now that I have told you how many Rwandan people are still suffering from the genocide that happened 18 years ago I will go on and review what I have shared with you. Conclusion I. Review of Thesis/Main Points I have told you about the rwandan genocide, how brutal it was, and how it is still affecting the rwandan people to this day.This tragedy will affect Rwanda for many years to come. II. Connection Rwanda isnt the most well-known genocide but as you heard to day it is the most inhumane genocide to date. III. Final unforgettable Remarks No matter what happens in this our world there is no reason that any race of people should go through such a horrific event and we should le arn from our mistakes so maybe in the future we will be able to stop genocide before it happens to save many lives. References BBC intelligence service Africa Rwanda How the genocide happened. BBC News Home. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Nov. 2012.

Mapp v. Ohio and Miranda v. Arizona: An analysis

The case of Mapp vs. Ohio 367 U.S. 643 (1961) was brought to the Supreme courtroom on account of Mapps reliance due to a transgression of an Ohio statute. Mapp was said to have violated the statue for possessing and keeping in her house various materials which are obscene in nature. The obscene materials were found in her house later a take care conducted by police officers in her house. Mapp appealed her conviction before the Supreme Court, arguing that the search conducted by the police should be struck down as hinder as the aforementioned(prenominal) was conducted without the receipts of a warrant.In Miranda vs. Arizona 384 U.S. 436 (1966), Miranda was convicted of rape and kidnapping. His conviction was decided by the lower court on account of his acknowledgment before police officers. He confessed to having committed the offense when he was investigated upon after beingness arrested by the police. Miranda appealed his conviction before the Supreme Court, contending that t he confession can non be considered as proper basis for his conviction due to the fact that he was without the assistance of counsel during the interrogation in which the confession was made by him.Section 2In Mapp vs. Ohio, the Supreme Court set aside the conviction, holding that the search could not validly produce the conviction for the same was conducted without a warrant being issued for the same. The Court, citing Weeks vs. United States 232 U.S. 383 (1914), supported its decision by grammatical construction, conviction by means of un fairnessful seizures and enforced confessions should find no sanction in the judgments of the courts. In the opinion of the Court, to convict a person based on an invalid search is a denial of the Constitutional rights of the citizens, and hence cannot be permitted by the Courts.The conviction in Miranda vs. Arizona was likewise held invalid by the Supreme Court. In this case, the Court relied on the coercive nature of interrogations conducted by police for saying that one conducted without the presence of counsel to assist the accused is a denial of the constitutional rights of the latter. Hence, any confession made under any un-counseled interrogation cannot be sanctioned as valid evidence against the accused.The Court, in its decision, made clear that the person in custody mustiness, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right to remain silent, and that anything he says will be used against him in court he must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation, and that, if he is indigent, a lawyer will be appointed to represent him.Section 3It is believed that the decisions rendered in both cases do not handcuff the police so as to restrict them from performing their duties. In fact, it is advanced that the decisions in Mapp and Arizona even seeks to limit, if not to eradicate, the abuse sometimes perpetrated by the police in the course of arrests or investigations. It cannot be said that the doctrines laid down by the courts handcuffs the police for law and jurisprudence provides for valid exceptions to the applications of the doctrines. At most, the decisions only seek to prevent the police from having unbridled discretion in gathering evidence against suspected violators and in obtaining confessions through violation and coercion.Section 4After an abstract of the case, it becomes apparent that the abuses perpetrated by police officers in the conduct of their duties are the same reasons why the Court has rendered a decision which effectively limits the discretion of the police in conducting interrogations and gathering evidence against suspected violators of the law. In the same way, the cases also gave hope that after the rendition of the cases, the police would no longer be abusive for purposes of prosecuting an offender that convictions will only be produced by evidence obtained through legally per missible means.Section 5References CitedMapp v. Ohio. 367 U.S. 643 (1961)Miranda v. Arizona. 384 U.S. 436 (1966)Weeks v. United States. 232 U.S. 383 (1914)

Impacts Of Poverty On Student’s Achievement Essay

Poverty is an number faced by more children in our nation. Children face problems related to unfortunateness during their schooling. The price that children pay surface of want is incredibly high than anyone contribute imagine. Each year, schools admit large numbers of children with needs brought almost by beggary which is an show up that the school is usu eachy not prep bed to deal with. Poverty is a risk factor in the process of students education. This paper examines the impacts of poverty on commandment and cultivation which determines the students academic achievement. The concept of being at riskThis term refers to students who are faced by lifes social circumstances such as poverty that puts them at risk of underachieving in school. There are many risk factors which increases the chances of a student to failure. altogether the same poverty is fancyed a major risk factor due to its compound effect. Some of the factors that are related to poverty and put a student at greater risk of failing include, very young parents, unemployment, let out educational level parents, substance maltreatment, exposure to inadequate or improper educational experiences, dangerous neighborhood, mobility, abuse and neglect as well as homelessness. (Gromard, 2003)These factors prompt the physical status of the children as in dressing, the flake of food they eat, their personal effects are usually of low quality or cheap. The physical disparities in among the students cause a wide gap between the poor students and their peers from middle or upper secernate families. Sometimes the isolation of this group of students is automatic in that they themselves assume that others do not want to cuss with them. Teachers may also contribute in perceiving students in accordance to their social shed light ones.This is however a high-flown case because teachers are professionals. Nevertheless, there are some instances that the teacher may talk about an issue in the proces s of teaching and unintentionally touch the students from poverty stricken families. For example in perusal population, the teacher may teach about demographics of poverty which is inevitable. This students may change their attitude towards the teacher and therefrom the subject. (Knapps, Shields, & Clementina, 2001) High mobility is a symptom associated with poverty in connection to other surrounding factors.Students who come from poor families may live in daily or monthly rent houses. This is makes them to move day in day out as their parents pay heed for jobs or runs away from problems like abusive spouses, financial responsibilities or criminal records. This kind of situation may also put the poor family homeless. The conditions they live in yarn-dye their education achievement. This result from the emotional impact that moving impacts on children. The children also are forced to join forces naked as a jaybird schools occasionally where they may find it very difficult to ad apt.When this factor combines with other issues related to poverty, fire effects on the students social, emotional and cognitive development are experienced. Students from poor families attend school irregularly. Transfers to refreshful schools are a routine which brings about difficulty in socialization with smart friends in the new school. This may make the student to become either withdrawn or hostile due to their experiences in their past attempts to make friends. The student may therefore develop an attitude of why bother with regard to both social and academic aspect schooling as they will after all be moving soon.Due to the various reasons of moving, which are often abrupt, the student come to the new school without records from their front school which makes it difficult for the school to track the records. As a result, teachers lack the slightest idea of what the student devote or havent leant. It is a big challenge for the school to place the new students in a class a nd provide them with the additional services they may require. Even when the school succeeds in placing the new students in class and providing these services, these students will likely move within the school year.It is also difficult for teachers to teach these kinds of students something valuable as they rarely concentrate. Children from poor families become aware of the social economic classes that exist in the society at a very tender age. They grow being aware of their own class and that of their peers which make them to develop a class related attitude as early as in their elementary schooling years. This attitude id carried on throughout their lives in school. Inferiority complex or belligerence may be the end result of this effect of poverty in the students life.However teachers can help children build up caring and sensitivity towards various cultures including social classes. Lessons and activities in the school should be designed on how children perceive the world and t hemselves during the different stages of development. For example at the age of eleven, children can comfortably reflect on the causes and solutions to poverty. Achievement gap Achievement gap is the difference in academic achievement between children from various groups or classes in relation to ethnic, income or race. The achievement of students is generally spurn than that of middle and upper classes.However at lower levels, children of poverty achieve more than their peers from well to do families. Children from low income families have more in their minds than quizzes, home subject or extracurricular activities. As pointed out ahead in this work some may have spent their nights in the streets due to homelessness, at camps or compounds of their friends or relatives. Therefore they are often engaged in thinking about where they will put across that night as well as caring about their parents who go through hardships trying to look for a living for the family.This affects their concentration in class and other school activities hence affect their surgical procedure academically as well as socially. (Brown, 2000) The reason for variation in achievement of students is determined by the social environment the students come from and the education that they receive in school. Poverty influences the quality of students learning behaviors, their past experiences with education, home environment and sometimes the teachers attitude which greatly affect the individual student performance. Students from poor or low income families are generally worried too much(prenominal) about themselves.They usually intent out of place when interacting with children in other social classes. They may feel that the society is unfair by placing them in poverty. The students may decline from participating in class activities and this affects their learning in school. As proposed by Salvin 2001, schools impact on students academic achievements are powerful and the success of all th e students regardless of their social economic class depend on the teachers perception of these students as at obligation rather than at risk and at the same time preparing them to get to their full potentials in life.A good education that is focused is usually the only means of breaking the vicious cycle of poverty for the poor children. These children require an education founded in high standards with high expectation for all. The curriculum should be reorient to ensure that a meticulous and assessment go hand in hand with the standards. The curriculum should rescind a decrease in opportunities for the students from the poor background.What usually takes place in the classroom has influence on the achievement of the students and hence teachers should be careful when passing information to students. (Plumber, 2004) The teacher should avoid at all costs any activity that may discriminate students from poor backgrounds. The content of education should be of honour and cultural r elevant. Teachers should be aware that the instructional and classroom management methods do not necessarily work well for poor students. The teachers can help in closing the achievement gap.

Importance of Animal Behavior Essay

wherefore do wildcats be realize the expression they do? The answer to this question depends on what the air is. A beep chases a mouse to catch it. A spider spins its sticky web to trap insects. A induce dog nurses her puppies to feed them. in all of these demeanors have the analogous purpose getting or providing food. All living organisms motive food for energy. They require energy to move around. In f tour, they need energy just to stay a start. kid animals in like manner need energy to grow and develop. Birds and wasps build go ups to have a safe place to stock their bombard and raise their young. galore(postnominal) separate animals build nests for the analogous reason. Animals protect their young in former(a) ways, as well. For compositors case, a contract dog non only nurses her puppies. She also washes them with her tongue and protects them from strange pack or other animals. All of these expressions help the young survive and grow up to be adults. R abbits ravel away from foxes and other p rosyators to stay alive. Their speed is their best defense.Lizards sun themselves on rocks to get warm because they weednot bring forth their own clay heat. When they argon warmer, they can move faster and be to a greater extent than alert. This helps them escape from predators, as well as find food. All of these animal doingss ar in-chief(postnominal). They help the animals get food for energy, deem sure their young survive, or ensure that they survive themselves. expressions that help animals or their young survive add the animals fitness. You read just rough fitness in the Evolution chapter. Animals with higher fitness have a repair chance of passing their genes to the next generation. If genes control behaviors that increase fitness, the behaviors flex more common in the species. This is called growing by natural selection. Innate BehaviorAll of the behaviors shown in the images above are ways that animals routine natural ly. They dont have to jibe how to behave in these ways. Cats are natural-born hunters. They dont need to attain how to hunt. Spiders spin their complex webs without knowledge how to do it from other spiders. Birds and wasps know how to build nests without be taught. These behaviors are called inhering. An internal behavior is any behavior that occurs naturally in all animals of a given species. An innate behavior is also called an instinct. The first clock era an animal make outs an innate behavior, the animal does it well. The animal does not have to practice the behavior in order toget it right or become let on at it. Innate behaviors are also predictable. All members of a species perform an innate behavior in the same(p) way. From the examples described above, you can believably verbalise that innate behaviors usually involve important actions, like eating and caring for the young. There are umpteen other examples of innate behaviors. For example, did you know that h aneybees dance? The honeybee in regard below has found a source of food. When the bee returns to its stack away, it testament do a dance, called the waggle dance. The way the bee moves during its dance tells other bees in the lay in where to find the food. Honeybees can do the waggle dance without acquire it from other bees, so it is an innate behavior. When this honeybee goes back to its hive, it will do a dance to tell the other bees in the hive where it found food. well-read BehaviorJust about all other human behaviors are knowing. Learned behavior is behavior that occurs only after experience or practice. Learned behavior has an advantage over innate behavior. It is more flexible. Learned behavior can be changed if conditions change. For example, you probably know the send mangle from your house to your school. Assume that you moved to a new house in a different place, so you had to take a different route to school. What if following the old route was an innate behavi or? You would not be able to adapt. Fortunately, it is a inti lad behavior. You can come upon the new route just as you developed the old one. Although most animals can learn, animals with greater intelligence are wagerer at information and have more learned behaviors. military mans are the most intelligent animals. They depend on learned behaviors more than any other species. Other extremely intelligent species include apes, our juxtaposed relatives in the animal kingdom. They include chimpanzees and gorillas.Both are also very good at skill behaviors. You may have heard of a gorilla named Koko. The psychologist Dr. Francine Patterson raised Koko. Dr. Patterson wanted to find out if gorillas could learn human language. Starting when Koko was just one year old, Dr. Patterson taught her to use sign language. Koko learned to use and conceive more than 1,000 signs. Koko showed how oft gorillas can learn. See A Conversation with Koko at http//www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/koko/ fo r additional information. intend about some of the behaviors you have learned. They might include riding a bicycle, using a computer, and performing a musicalinstrument or sport. You probably did not learn all of these behaviors in the same way. Perhaps you learned some behaviors on your own, just by practicing. Other behaviors you may have learned from other people. Humans and other animals can learn behaviors in several(prenominal) different ways. The following methods of education will be explored below1. Habituation (forming a habit).2. data-based training.3. Conditioning.4. Play.5. Insight learning.HabituationHabituation is learning to get use to something after being exposed to it for a while. Habituation usually involves getting utilize to something that is annoying or frightening, but not dangerous. Habituation is one of the simplest ways of learning. It occurs in just about every species of animal. You have probably learned by means of habituation many times. For examp le, maybe you were reading a book when someone turned on a television in the same room. At first, the well-informed of the television may have been annoying. After awhile, you may no longer have noticed it. If so, you had become habituated to the sound. Another example of habituation is shown in Figure below. Crows and most other biddys are usually horror-struck of people. They avoid approach shot close to people, or they fly away when people come near them. The crows arrive on this darn-s divvy upr have gotten employ to a human in this place. They have learned that the scarecrow poses no danger. They are no longer afraid to come close. They have become habituated to the scarecrow.This scarecrow is no longer scary to these crows. They have become used to its being in this spot and learned that it is not dangerous. This is an example of habituation. Can you see why habituation is useful? It lets animals ignore things that will not misemploy them. Without habituation, animals might waste time and energy trying to escape from things that are not really dangerous. Observational breedingObservational learning is learning by honoring and copying the behavior ofsomeone else. Human children learn many behaviors this way. When you were a young child, you may have learned how to tie your shoes by watching your dad tie his shoes. More recently, you may have learned how to dance by watching a pop star dancing on TV. Most potential you have learned how to do math puzzles by watching your teachers do problems on the board at school. Can you esteem of other behaviors you have learned by watching and copying other people? Other animals also learn through observational learning. For example, young wolves learn to be better hunters by watching and copying the skills of cured wolves in their pack. Another example of observational learning is how some monkeys have learned how to wash their food. They learned by watching and copying the behavior of other monkeys. Co nditioningConditioning is a way of learning that involves a reward or punishment. Did you ever train a dog to fetch a gawk or stick by rewarding it with treats? If you did, you were using conditioning. Another example of conditioning is shown in Figure below. This lab rat has been taught to adopt basketball by being rewarded with food pellets. Conditioning also occurs in wild animals. For example, bees learn to find nectar in authorized types of flowers because they have found nectar in those flowers before.This rat has been taught to put the ball through the hoop by being rewarded with food for the behavior. This is an example of conditioning. What do you think would happen if the rat was no longer rewarded for the behavior? Humans learn behaviors through conditioning, as well. A young child might learn to put away his toys by being rewarded with a bedtime story. An older child might learn to study for tests in school by being rewarded with better grades. Can you think of behavi ors you learned by being rewarded for them? Conditioning does not always involve a reward. It can involve a punishment instead. A toddler might be punished with a time-out each time he grabs a toy from his baby brother. After several time-outs, he may learn to stop taking his brothers toys. A dog might be scolded each time she heightens up on the sofa. After borrowed scolding, she may learn to stay off the sofa. A bird might become ill after eating a poisonous insect. The bird may learn from this punishment to avoid eating the same kind of insect in the future. Learning by PlayingMost young mammals, including humans, like to play. Play is one way they learn skills they will need as adults. Think about how kittens play. They pounce on toys and chase each other. This helps them learn how to be better predators when they are older. Big cats also play. The lion cubs in Figure below are compete and practicing their hunting skills at the same time. The dogs in Figure below are playing tug-of-war with a toy. What do you think they are learning by playing together this way? Other young animals play in different ways. For example, young deer play by running and kicking up their hooves. This helps them learn how to escape from predators. These two lion cubs are playing. They are not only having fun. They are also learning how to be better hunters. Insight LearningInsight learning is learning from past experiences and reasoning. It usually involves coming up with new ways to solve problems. Insight learning generally happens quickly. An animal has a jerky flash of insight. Insight learning requires relatively great intelligence. Human beings use insight learning more than any other species. They have used their intelligence to solve problems ranging from inventing the wheel to flying rockets into space. Think about problems you have solved. Maybe you figured out how to solve a new type of math problem or how to get to the next level of a video game. If you relied on your past experiences and reasoning to do it, then you were using insight learning. One type of insight learning is making tools to solve problems. Scientists used to think that humans were the only animals intelligent adequacy to make tools. In fact, tool-making was believed to set humans unconnected from all other animals. In 1960, primate expert Jane Goodall discovered that chimpanzees also make tools.She saw a chimpanzee strip leaves from a twig. Then he poked the twig into a hole in a termite mound. After termites climbed onto the twig, he pulled the twig out of the hole and ate the insects clinging to it. The chimpanzee had made a tool to fish for termites. He had used insight to solve a problem. Since then, chimpanzees have been seen making several different types of tools. For example, they sharpen sticks and use them as spears for hunting. They use stones as hammers to crack open nuts. Scientists have also observed other species of animals making tools to solve problems. A crow was seen bending apiece of fit into a hook. Then the crow used the hook to pull food out of a tube. An example of a gorilla using a walking stick is shown in Figure below. Behaviors such as these show that other species of animals can use their experience and reasoning to solve problems. They can learn through insight.This gorilla is using a branch as a tool. She is leaning on it to keep her commensurateness while she reaches down into swampy water to catch a fish.Social BehaviorWhy is animal communication important? Without it, animals would not be able to live together in convocations. Animals that live in groups with other members of their species are called social animals. Social animals include many species of insects, birds, and mammals. Specific examples of social animals are ants, bees, crows, wolves, and humans. To live together with one another, these animals must be able to share information. Highly Social AnimalsSome species of animals are very social. In these species, members of the group depend completely on one another. Different animals within the group have different reflects. Therefore, group members must pee together for the good of all. Most species of ants and bees are highly social animals. Ants, like those in Figure below, live together in large groups called colonies. A resolution may have millions of ants. All of the ants in the crushed town work together as a maven unit. Each ant has a specific job. Most of the ants are workers. Their job is to build and repair the dependences nest. Worker ants also leave the nest to find food for themselves and other colony members. The workers care for the young as well. Other ants in the colony are soldiers. They defend the colony against predators. Each colony also has a queen. Her only job is to lay eggs. She may lay millions of eggs each month. A few ants in the colony are called drones. They are the only male ants in the colony. Their job is to mate with the queen.The ants in this picture belong to the same colony. They have left the colony Honeybees and bumblebees also live in colonies. A colony of honeybees isshown in Figure dont purge me. Each bee in the colony has a particular job. Most of the bees are workers. Young worker bees clean the colonys hive and feed the young. Older worker bees build the waxy honeycomb or guard the hive. The oldest workers leave the hive to find food. Each colony usually has one queen that lays eggs. The colony also has a subtle number of male drones. They mate with the queen.All the honeybees in this colony work together. Each bee has a certain job to perform. The bees are gathered together to fly to a new home. How do you think they knew it was time to gather together? CooperationAnts, bees, and other social animals must cooperate. Cooperation means working together with others. Members of the group may cooperate by sharing food. They may also cooperate by defending each other. step at the ants in Figure below. They s how clearly why cooperation is important. A single ant would not be able to carry this large insect back to the nest to feed the other ants. With cooperation, the job is informal.These ants are cooperating. By working together, they are able to move this much larger insect work back to their nest. At the nest, they will share the insect with other ants that do not leave the nest. Animals in many other species cooperate. For example, lions live in groups called pridefulnesss. A lion pride is shown in Figure below. All the lions in the pride cooperate. Male lions work together to defend the other lions in the pride. Female lions work together to hunt. Then they share the meat with other pride members. Another example is meerkats. Meerkats are small mammals that live in Africa. They also live in groups and cooperate with one another. For example, young distaff meerkats act as babysitters. They take care of the baby meerkats while their parents are away looking for food.Members of t his lion pride work together. Males cooperate by defending the pride. Females cooperate by hunting and sharing the food. Mating BehaviorSome of the most important animal behaviors involve mating. Mating is the pairing of an adult male and female to produce young. Adults that are most successful at imbibeing a mate are most likely to have egress. Traitsthat help animals attract a mate and have manifestation increase their fitness. As the genes that convert these traits are passed to the next generation, the traits will become more common in the population. courting BehaviorsIn many species, females choose the male they will mate with. For their part, males try to be chosen as mates. They show females that they would be a better mate than the other males. To be chosen as a mate, males may perform courtship behaviors. These are special behaviors that help attract a mate. Male courtship behaviors get the concern of females and show off a males traits. Different species have differe nt courtship behaviors. look on the peacock raising his tail feathers in Figure above? This is an example of courtship behavior. The peacock is trying to impress females of his species with his beautiful feathers. Another example of courtship behavior in birds is shown in Figure below. This bird is called a blue-footed booby. He is doing a dance to attract a female for mating. During the dance, he spreads out his travel and stamps his feet on the ground. .This blue-footed booby is a species of sea bird. The male pictured here is doing a courtship Courtship behaviors occur in many other species. For example, males in some species of whales have special mating songs to attract females as mates. Frogs croak for the same reason. Male deer clash antlers to court females. Male jumping spiders jump from side to side to attract mates. Courtship behaviors are one type of pompousness behavior. A display behavior is a fixed set of actions that carries a specific message. Although many displ ay behaviors are used to attract mates, some display behaviors have other purposes. For example, display behaviors may be used to warn other animals to stay away, as you will read below. Caring for the YoungIn most species of birds and mammals, one or both parents care for their offspring. Caring for the young may include making a nest or other shelter. It may also include feeding the young and protecting them from predators. Caring for offspring increases their chances of surviving. Birds called killdeers have an interesting way to protect their chicks. When a predator gets too close to her nest, a mother killdeer pretends to have a broken wing. The mother walks away from the nest holding her wing as though it isinjured. This is what the killdeer in Figure below is doing. The predator thinks she is injured and will be easy prey. The mother leads the predator away from the nest and then flies away.This mother killdeer is pretending she has a broken wing. She is trying to attract a predator In most species of mammals, parents also teach their offspring important skills. For example, meerkat parents teach their pups how to eat scorpions without being stung. A scorpion sting can be deadly, so this is a very important skill. Teaching the young important skills makes it more likely that they will survive. argue TerritorySome species of animals are territorial. This means that they defend their area. The area they defend usually contains their nest and enough food for themselves and their offspring. A species is more likely to be territorial if there is not very much food in their area. Animals generally do not defend their grime by fighting. Instead, they are more likely to use display behavior. The behavior tells other animals to stay away. It gets the message across without the need for fighting. endanger behavior is generally safer and uses less energy than fighting. Male gorillas use display behavior to defend their territory. They nonplus on their chests and thump the ground with their hands to warn other male gorillas to keep away from their area. The redbreast in Figure below is also using display behavior to defend his territory. He is displaying his red breast to warn other robins to stay away.The red breast of this male robin is easy to see. The robin displays his bright red chest to defend his territory. It warns other robins to keep out of his area. Some animals deposit chemicals to check over the boundary of their territory. This is why dogs urinate on fire hydrants and other objects. Cats may also mark their territory by depositing chemicals. They have scent glands in their face. They deposit chemicals by rubbing their face against objects. Cycles of BehaviorMany animal behaviors change in a regular way. They go through cycles. Some cycles of behavior repeat each year. Other cycles of behavior repeat everyday. Yearly CyclesAn example of a behavior with a yearly cycle is hibernation. Hibernation is a state in which an anim als body processes are drawn-out than usual and its body temperature falls. An animal uses less energy than usual during hibernation. This helps the animal survive during a time of year when food is scarce. Hibernation may last for weeks or months. Animals that hibernate include species of bats, squirrels, and snakes. Most people think that bears hibernate. In fact, bears do not go into true hibernation. In the winter, they go into a deep sleep. However, their body processes do not slow down very much. Their body temperature also remains about the same as usual. Bears can be awakened easily from their winter sleep.Instinctual behaviorOne type of instinctual behavior is fixed action patterns, which are behaviors the animal is compelled to engage in. For instance, some birds will raise the chicks of other birds if the eggs are put in their nests during nesting season, because caring for an egg is a fixed action pattern. Another instinctual behavior is imprinting, wherein a baby anima l accepts a person, or even an item, as a surrogate mother. informal behavior is also instinctual, bolstered by play, which helps animals learn courtship and mating skills. Many of these behaviors are dictated by specific body systems, like the nervous system, which responds to stimuli in the environment. Learned behaviorLearned behavior is important both for wild animals, who must learn specific and new ways to survive, and for domestic animals that we seek to train. Animals can learn to anticipate that an action will have a predictable outcome through visitation and error, such as dog learning to sit for a treat. This is called operant conditioning. They can also learn that one event precedes another, such as the sound of a metal food bowl being moved signaling food being served, which is known as associative learning. Animals also learn a lot through watching others and mimicry. All of these behaviors allow an animal to adapt to new situations and problems. Abnormal behaviorIde ntifying behavior patterns enables people to determine when animals arebehaving abnormally. These abnormal behaviors might simply be annoying to animal owners however, in other instances they may also be dangerous for the animal and others or even jeopardise their very survival. For example, inappropriately aggressive dogs, which might be suffering from disease or trauma, are potentially dangerous to themselves and others. The behavior may be addressed if it is identified as abnormal and normal behavior is reestablished. More important to species survival are mating and raising offspring, and in these cases abnormal behavior that leads to disappointment to mate or care for offspring can present a threat to the animals long-term survival.